The West’s asleep, the West’s asleep- Alas! and well may Erin weep, When Connaught lies in slumber deep. There lake and plain smile fair and free, ‘Mid rocks-their guardian chivalry- Sing oh! let man learn liberty From crashing wind and lashing sea.
That chainless wave and lovely, land Freedom and Nationhood demand- Be sure, the great God never plann’d, For slumbering slaves, a home so grand. And, long, a brave and haughty race Honoured and sentinelled the place- Sing oh! not even their sons’ disgrace Can quite destroy their glory’s trace.
For often, in O’Connor’s van, To triumph dash’d each Connaught clan- And fleet as deer the Normans ran Through Coirrsliabh Pass and Ard Rathain.* And later times saw deeds as brave; And glory guards Clanricarde’s grave- Sing oh! they died their land to save, At Aughrim’s slopes and Shannon’s wave.
And if, when all a vigil keep, The West’s; asleep, the West’s asleep- Alas! and well may Erin weep, That Connaught lies in slumber deep. But-hark! -some voice like thunder spake: ” The West’s awake, the West’s awake’- Sing oh! hurra! let England quake, We’ll watch till death for Erins sake!”
"For decades the prevailing wisdom in biology has been that individual self-sacrifice enables a group's genes to keep going in the long run. Now Swiss researchers have actually proven this is true by evolving generations of tiny autonomous robots that are confronted with a basic decision to share food.
"For biologists, this rule had never been tested empirically before in a quantitative way," says Laurent Keller, a biologist in the University of Lausanne's Department of Ecology and Evolution who worked on the study, published this week in PLoS Biology . "It's the first field test to show it's working."
In 1964, British evolutionary biologist W D Hamilton published what later became known as Hamilton's rule of kin selection. He said that the evolution of altruistic behaviour, sacrificing oneself for the greater good, is determined by genetic proximity. Meaning that giving food to your siblings will help the genes live on, even if you don't.
Since it was impossible to measure altruism's costs and benefits using animals, Keller worked with Dario Floreano, a robotics professor at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. They used a fleet of specially-designed robots around one cubic inch (2.5 centimetres) in size, called "Alice."
Each microbot has two wheels, a linear camera, a rechargeable lithium-polymer battery, and infrared distance sensors to detect objects within an inch of the robot.
Floreano says the bots can be differentially controlled to move backward, forward and rotate on the spot.
The researchers set up an experimental arena with eight autonomous robots and eight food items. The robots were controlled using an architecture based on neurons.
Upon depositing the food along a wall, the bots were given "fitness rewards" and a choice between keeping them or sharing them with the group.
A camera recorded the bots' actions. Then the researchers entered the robot behaviour into a computer simulator to see what would happen over 500 generations of artificial evolution. They also transferred the resulting control system back to the physical robots to bring the testing full circle.
"We found that, in all cases, a transition occurred exactly as predicted," says Keller. "We showed that even with complicated genetics, the robots followed the behaviour predicted by this rule."
"Reginald “Neli” Latson, a 19 year-old, sat in the grass outside the library and waited for it to open. Police allege that shortly after, some children purportedly were frightened and claimed there was a suspicious black male who had had a gun. A nearby school was put on lockdown, and a search ensued. Deputy Calverley then approached Latson, squeezed the front pocket of his sweatshirt and checked for a gun. No gun was found. The children questioned later also confirmed they never saw a gun. Calverly asked Latson for his name, and Latson refused. Calverly then grabbed Latson and attempted to arrest him. Latson struggled with Calverly, managed to flip him over, and caused Calverly’s head to hit the pavement. Latson hit Calverly several times and took his pepper spray.
After a 3-day trial, Latson was found guilty of assaulting a law enforcement officer, among other charges and 10 1/2 years in prison was recommended (read the full story here). Latson’s defense centered around the fact that he has Asperger’s syndrome, a condition caused by an abnormality of the brain. People with Asperger’s syndrome often have difficulty interacting socially, and may be unable to respond emotionally in normal social interactions.
Latson’s case has drawn sympathy from autism and Asperger’s syndrome advocates, and raised concerns about how law enforcement deals with the developmentally or mentally disabled. Surely, this case is a sad one. It appears to be another classic case of a young, innocent black man getting screwed because he wore a hoodie and was in the wrong place at the wrong time – and on top of that, he had a condition that may have contributed to these circumstances.
However, what is ultimately most disturbing is the fact that this has become an issue of autism/Asperger’s syndrome. Instead of defending Latson’s justifiable reactions to an unjustified detention and attack, his supporters seek to excuse it by characterizing it as the product of a mental disability. Latson had done nothing wrong and was completely within his rights to sit on the grass until the library opened, but was accosted by an officer who then proceeded to question, detain and arrest him, even after confirming he did not have a gun (and even if he did have a gun – so what? It’s called the Second Amendment).
Latson was under no moral duty to be groped by this officer. He was under no moral duty to provide his name. He certainly should not have been arrested, either from a legal or moral standpoint. This was a young man who simply wanted to be left alone, and the officer would not yield to this simple desire of a denizen of the alleged land of the free. Police apologists like to say, “if only he had complied, he wouldn’t have been (insert torture, beating or murder of choice here)!” But the most appropriate way to view these interactions (if in fact we are free people) is the other way around – if the police had just minded their own damn business no one would have been hurt. Yet in this case, Latson’s supporters do not decry his treatment on the basis of police abuse and the fundamental right to simply be left alone, they decry it on the grounds that police need to better learn how to deal with people who may suffer from certain conditions and/or disabilities.
This is what it has come to in this country. If you defend yourself against abusive authority, it must be because you are mentally disabled.
Significantly, people with Asperger’s syndrome sometimes are unable to pick up on social cues, and are unable to understand more abstract expressions such as sarcasm or humor. As a result, they may tend to take words more literally than most people. Thus, it isn’t a stretch to surmise that some people with autism or Asperger’s would not understand that even in the absence of provocation, a police officer has the legal authority to violate their privacy and freedom with detention and arrest. People with autism or Asperger’s syndrome see it for what it truly is – an aggressive stranger with a gun, coming out of nowhere to interrogate, demand, and kidnap. Perhaps people with autism and Asperger’s are the only people left in this country who rightly fail to see how a uniform and a title justifies initiation of aggression and kidnapping.
Yet general consensus among those sympathetic to Latson is not that police aggression has long exceeded acceptable bounds, but that Officer Calverly was also a victim in this, and that police need to be better trained for such situations in the future. Perhaps Latson did injure Officer Calverly more than he deserved. However, if one is going to arbitrarily initiate violence on innocent people, he should be prepared to suffer the reasonable consequences that may follow when the target of his violence tries to defend himself.
Calverly had no business disturbing a peaceful boy waiting outside a library. He negligently acted on reports of a man with a gun which were never substantiated. Even after he confirmed Latson did not have a gun, Calverly escalated the situation by demanding Latson identify himself. When Latson refused to do so, Calverly again escalated the situation by initiating violence and attempting to arrest him. If Calverly were any other ordinary person, Latson would be legally justified in attempting to walk away from a nosy busybody. If Calverly were any other ordinary person, Latson would be justified in fighting against Calverly’s attempt to physically restrain him and jail him for doing nothing wrong.
Latson’s only “mistake” was that he failed to understand the abstract idea that a fancy government title and a uniform legally creates a different standard for police. Police often do what Calverly did, on a regular basis, but most people are cognitive of social norms and perceive that a gun and a badge grant legal rights which demand submission, and do not defend themselves against unwarranted police violence either out of misguided deference, or justifiable fear.
Even in the face of this event, people continue to argue police merely need to be better trained. This perspective, while not limited to such supporters, is delusional. Police love violence. They use it daily in the course of their employment. If they didn’t love violence, they wouldn’t have signed up for the job. To think some training would make them more sympathetic or sensitive to their victim’s particular conditions is just stupid."
